George Mason University
Fenwick Library

 

 

GUIDE TO THE U.S. AND VIRGINIA CENSUS

 

GENERAL INFORMATION | CENSUS REPORTS | TUTORIALS | CENSUS 2000 | CENSUS 1990HISTORICAL CENSUS COVERAGE |VIRGINIA CENSUS INFORMATION |MAPPING RESOURCES | FENWICK LIBRARY RESOURCES

If you need assistance in finding or using census materials, please consult the Government Documents librarian, Joy Suh by telephone at (703) 993-2238, or email at hsuh1@gmu.edu .

GENERAL INFORMATION

 Measuring America in 2000                           Data collected by the Census

100% data

Six questions were asked of all Census respondents. The results are found in the 100% data (also known as Summary File 1 (SF1)) reports and products.

 

The items in the 100% data are:

Age

Race

Sex

Household relationship

Tenure (Own or Rent)

Hispanic origin

 

Sample data

Additional questions asked of approximately 17% of the population going into more detail about demographics, education, income, employment, and housing. These samples are weighted to be representative of the larger population. The sample size varies with the density of population in a given area.  The results are found in the Sample data (also known as Summary File 3 (SF3)) reports.

The items in the sample data are:

Ancestry
Place of birth 
Citizenship, and year of entry
Residence 5 years ago (migration)
Language spoken at home

 

Labor force status
Occupation
Industry
Class of worker
Place of work
Work status in 1999
Income in 1999
Journey to work

Veteran status
Marital status
Disability
School enrollment
Educational attainment
Grandparents as caregivers

Value of home
Year structure built
House heating fuel
Kitchen facilities
Plumbing facilities
Farm residence

Number of bedrooms
Telephone service available
Vehicles available
Selected monthly owner costs:
          Mobile home costs
          Taxes
          Mortgage costs
          Utilities and fuels
          Condominium fee
          Insurance

Rent paid
Units in structure
Year moved into unit
Rooms in unit

 

 

 

 

 

 

Measuring America 1790 - 2000
This is a .pdf file providing a complete guide to the questions and instructions for each census since 1790. No data results are included. (Large file, maybe slow to load).

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Census Reports

Census Products 
Name of reports, release dates, and geographic areas covered in the report can be found on this page. Note the first table describes products based on the 100% data. Scroll down the page to find the table of products based on the Sample data.

Data Access Tools from the U.S. Census Bureau. Includes links to Interactive Internet Tools, Downloadable Software, and Direct File Access Directories for census data.

Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS)
From the University of Minnesota Minnesota Population Center
IPUMS-USA is a coherent national census database spanning 1850 to 1990. High precision samples, Integrated microdata, Comprehensive documentation, Free access and use! The IPUMS consists of twenty-five high-precision samples of the American population drawn from thirteen federal censuses, 1850-1990. These samples collectively comprise our richest source of quantitative information on long-term changes in the American population.

Data Ferret (BLS/Census) 
Data sets from the Current Population Survey and Survey of Income and Program Participation for easy or expert manipulation. Surveys update and enhance the Decennial Census with national, state, and metropolitan area information. Subjects include income, poverty, employment, education, health insurance, housing, aging, household and marital status.

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TUTORIALS

American Factfinder Detailed Tutorial with visuals of sample searches from the University of Michigan.

American Factfinder Help User guide from the Census Bureau.

American FactFinder Tutorials and Training Materials
A tutorial and training materials provided by the Census Bureau.  

Census FIPS Codes
The U.S. Census Bureau uses the codes in FIPS PUB 55-3 to identify both legal and statistical entities for county subdivisions, places, and American Indian areas/Alaska Native areas/Hawaiian home lands.

Census Geography   shows the many geographic types for which data are available and the hierarchical relationships between geographic types.

Census Tutorial by Daniel Cornwall, Alaska State Library
Covers which questions were added or dropped, racial category change, Hispanic origin question, multiracial America, 100% vs. sample data, census geography, and other questions.  

Glossary  Definitions of terms used by the Census Bureau in reports and products.  

Introduction to Census 2000 Data Products.
This brochure (.pdf file) provides a brief introduction to the information available from Census 2000, Census 2000 geography, maps, and data products.

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CENSUS 2000

American Factfinder  
AFF provides access to tables and maps for all tabulated geographies. AFF uses JavaScript. It works best with Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher, but also works with Netscape 4.5 or higher. It does not work with Netscape 6.0.

Census 2000 - The Official Census 2000 page from the Census Bureau. This is your gateway to most reports from the 2000 and 1990 Censuses.

Census Briefs  
Short reports by topic compiled by the Census Bureau providing findings from Census 2000, current demographic surveys, and the 1997 Economic Census. They contain colorful charts to illustrate major points. Includes such topics as "'Rust Belt' Rebounds," "Too Busy to Vote", "America's Children at Risk," "Warmer, older more diverse: State-by-state Population Changes to 2025," and "New Ideas for Measuring Labor Productivity."    

Demographic Profiles: 1990 and 2000 Comparison Tables
Excel files for all 50 states. Opens better using Internet Explorer.

Demographic Profiles: 100 percent and Sample Data
A profile includes four tables that provide various demographic, social, economic, and housing characteristics for the states, counties, minor civil divisions in selected states, places, metropolitan areas, American Indian and Alaska Native areas, Hawaiian home lands and congressional districts. It includes 100-percent and sample data from the decennial censuses.


Population Counts for Any State, County, City or Town - First choose your state from the list, then select the .pdf file. Includes age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and household characteristics as part of the "Profiles of General Demographic Characteristics" (DP-1) series.

State & County QuickFacts  
Quick, easy access to facts about people, business, and geography.
Data derived from Population Estimates, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, 1990 Census of Population and Housing, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, County Business Patterns, 1997 Economic Census, Minority- and Women-Owned Business, Building Permits, Consolidated Federal Funds Report, 1997 Census of Governments.     

State Rankings
Very handy compendium of charts for a variety of statistics

United States Data   (.pdf file) – A one page Profile of General Demographic Characteristics for the United States: 2000. Census figures for the U.S. as a whole (very basic numbers). If the link provided does not connect, copy the URL address < http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/2001/tables/dp_us_2000.PDF> directly into your browser's address bar. 

 

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CENSUS 1990

 1990 U.S. Census Lookup   Summary Tape File 1 (STF1) 100% count - basic demographic variables and Summary Tape File 3 (STF3) Sample count - all socioeconomic and demographic variables. Link provided to US Gazetteer for retrieving 1990 Census data  Tiger Maps. If the link provided does not connect, copy the URL address <http://venus.census.gov/cdrom/lookup> directly into your browser's address bar.

USA Counties 1998  
Features items from the 1990 Census of Population and Housing, the 1980 census and the 1992, 1987, 1982 and 1977 economic censuses. Covers the following general topics: age, agriculture, ancestry, banking, building permits, business patterns, crime, earnings, education, elections, government, health, households, housing, income, labor force and employment, manufactures, population, poverty, retail trade, services industries, social programs, veterans, vital statistics, and wholesale trade.

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HISTORICAL CENSUS COVERAGE 

(chronological order)

Historical, Demographic, Economic, and Social Data: The United States, 1790-1970
Provided by Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, U. Michigan. (ICPSR)
Detailed county and state-level ecological or descriptive data for the United States for the years 1790 to 1970 are contained in this collection. These data files contain extensive information about the social and political character of the United States, including a breakdown of population by state, race, nationality, number of families, size of the family, births, deaths, marriages, occupation, religion, and general economic conditions. ***As a student, faculty or staff member at George Mason University, you are authorized to access ICPSR data, so long as you  are affiliated with George Mason University. Please contact Howard Lasus at 703-993-3417 for local assistance with the process of downloading and using data.

Historical United States Census Data Browser maintained by  the University of Virginia 
Intended to aid in browsing the “Historical Demographic, Economic and .Social Data: The United States, 1790-1960”  data files. It is not intended as a tool for downloading data for further research or more involved manipulation.

Decennial Census Information
Information on Censuses from 1790 – 2000 provided by Columbia University Libraries. Click on the year of the Census you are interested in the left column of this page, then use the center column of the next page for web resources related to that year.

Population of the 100 Largest Cities: 1790 to 1990 (Census Bureau)
Cities ranked by population size, beginning with 24 urban areas in 1790 to 100 in 1990.

Selected Historical Decennial Census Population and Housing Counts 1790-1990
Provides links to tables for population, housing, income, and poverty data. 

Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS)
From the University of Minnesota Minnesota Population Center
IPUMS-USA is a coherent national census database spanning 1850 to 1990. Twenty-five high-precision samples of the American population drawn from thirteen federal censuses, 1850-1990. These samples collectively comprise our richest source of quantitative information on long-term changes in the American population.

Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States: 1850 to 1990
by Campbell J. Gibson & Emily Lennon
This working paper with links to relevant tables presents selected decennial census data on the foreign-born population of the United States from 1850 to 1990. This paper updates and expands data on the foreign-born population published in 1975 in Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970.

Housing: Then And Now 50 Years Of Decennial Censuses 1940 - 1990
Links to tables that show housing trends by States over the decades as related to select topics such as source of water, ownership, heating fuel, or plumbing facilities.

Census Historical Poverty Tables
These tables contain data collected by the 1960, 1970, 1980, and the 1990 Censuses of Population.  They display poverty data over the last 30 years at various geographic levels, i.e., the states, as well as The District of Columbia, counties, cities and tracts. These listings cover a wide variety of topics such as poverty status by family type, race, age, sex, and residence. They also cover rankings by poverty status.

1970 Census, Fifth Count Special Tabulation
These files contain  selected statistics on population and housing: race, age, marital status, rent, plumbing facilities, income, education, place of birth, and age of structure. Data by Census tracts, MCD and Blockgroup/Enumeration Districts.

CensusScope   from the Social Science Data Analysis Network (SSDAN) at the University of Michigan. An easy-to-use tool for investigating U.S. demographic trends. Graphics and exportable trend data, trend charts and tables on ancestry & ethnicity, educational attainment and enrollment,  employment, occupation, and industry,  migration & immigration, and housing characteristics. Coverage for States, Metro Areas, and Counties 1980 to present. 

Holidays and Observances  
Facts for Features consists of a collection of statistics pertinent to a particular holiday or special observance compiled by the Census Bureau.  

World Population Information
The latest published compendium and analysis of data on population, fertility, mortality, contraceptive use and related
demographic topics by the U.S. Census Bureau.

Population Estimates
The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program publishes population numbers between censuses. Estimates
usually are for the past, while projections are estimates of the population for future dates.

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VIRGINIA CENSUS INFORMATION

Census 2000 Data for the State of Virginia
The official Census Bureau page for Virginia. Includes excel and .pdf files for Demographic and Housing Characteristics, Redistricting Data, Summary File 1, Summary File 2, Supplementary Survey Data, and access to Table and Maps related to Virginia Census Data. Data Highlights in American FactFinder: General Demographic Characteristics (DP-1) General Housing Characteristics (QT-H1), Sex by Single Years of Age (PCT12), Population, Housing Units,  Area, and Density Tables by place/town/county and American Indian area, and selected Maps.

State & County QuickFacts  
Quick, easy access to facts about people, business, and geography.
Data derived from Population Estimates, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, 1990 Census of Population and Housing, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, County Business Patterns, 1997 Economic Census, Minority- and Women-Owned Business, Building Permits, Consolidated Federal Funds Report, 1997 Census of Governments.   

Virginia QuickLinks   Links to Census 2000 and 1990 population, demographic, and housing information, Population Estimates, Economic Census, Congressional Districts, and Statistics, including births, deaths, crime, and the economy, from other Federal agencies via FedStats. 

Virginia 2000 Data Sets –Use the pdf file for a demographic profile of state level as well as county and township level data. 
The most up-to-date Census figures for Virginia (very basic numbers). Once the pdf file is opened, use the table of contents in the left frame to choose the area of interest. The right frame will display the page related to the area chosen. Lists population and housing characteristics in tables for browsing.  Or use the find function on your browser to locate a term in the page.

State Data Centers Program   
The SDCs are official sources of demographic, economic, and social statistics produced by the Census Bureau. The SDCs make these data accessible to state, regional, local and tribal governments, and non-governmental data users at no charge or on a cost-recovery or reimbursable basis as appropriate. The Virginia State Data Center provides training and technical assistance for Census and local data.

Virginia 2000 Census
This page provides links to Summary File 1, Summary File 2, Demographic Profiles, Redistricting Data, and Corrected Census Counts.

Summary File 1 for Virginia
The tables are from Summary File 1 (SF1), the "complete count" data from the 2000 Census. Population (P) and housing (H) tables are available for all levels of census geography. Additional population data for geographic areas down to the census tract level are available in tables labelled PCT. On this site, links are available to Virginia counties and cities, places, census tracts, and 5-digit ZCTAs  (zip code tabulation areas).

Virginia Demographic Data 1990 and 2000
Excel files for Profiles of General Demographic Characteristics for Virginia and Profiles by subject for 1990 & 2000 (includes data for Places).

Virginia 1990 Census Data via Weldon Cooper Center
Selected demographic characteristics such as age, sex, race, and household composition;  also social and economic topics such as education, ancestry and nativity, labor force characteristics, disability and veteran status, and income and poverty.  Covers counties, cities, metropolitan areas, and planning districts from the 1990 Census STF 3. 

Virginia 1990 Census
Via the Government Information Sharing Project   at Oregon State University. Includes Economic, Education and Demographic Data as well as a link to map resources. Summaries by counties, City, Town or CDP (census designated place) and Metropolitan Areas.

Statistical Atlas of Virginia  over 60 graduated color maps and associated tables of Virginia, its counties and independent cities, to produce a statistical snapshot of the state, 1990.

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MAPPING RESOURCES

ArcData Online  This database allows you to create thematic maps at the state, county, census tract, and block group level based on 1990 census data.

U.S. Census Bureau's Mapping and Cartographic Resources
U.S. Census Bureau publication maps.

U.S. Gazetteer  
This gazetteer is used to identify places to view with the Tiger Map Server  and obtain census data from the 1990 Census Lookup server. You can search for places, counties or MCDs by entering the name and state abbreviation (optional), or 5-digit zip code. Check here  for limitations to the service.

1990 Census Tract Outline Maps  from the Census Bureau.
Re-creations of the 1990 Census Tract/BNA outline maps created for all 1990 Counties. You may access these maps directly from the ftp site also. These maps show the boundaries and numbers of the 1990 census tracts/BNAs as well as the named
features underlying the boundaries. They also show the boundaries, names and codes for 1990 American Indian/Alaska Native areas, counties, county subdivisions, and places.  The scale varies by the area size of the county.

1980 Census Maps from the National Atlas.  Data by County. Can download County Boundaries in ArcView format (.shp).

National Atlas Instructions. Locate and Display Topo Maps and Aerial Photographs.

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FENWICK LIBRARY RESOURCES

Note: CD-ROMs, DVDs, Microforms, and many reference books are for IN-LIBRARY USE only. Available online databases are for in-library use or remote access by GMU students and staff.

American Statistics Index (ASI).  Washington: Congressional Information Service.
Fenwick Reference – Indexes HA202 .A69 (1980 – current)
Online access via GMU database, “Statistical Universe,” 
Statistical Universe also provides indexing and some full text of state and international statistical publications.

American statistics index microfiche library
Fenwick Periodicals – Microfiche HA202 .A69
A comprehensive guide and index to the statistical publications of the U.S. Government.  This subject, name, title, report number, and category index to publications of more than 500 federal agencies gives an abstract number which leads to an abstract of the portion of a publication containing statistics.  Many entries contain the classification number, usually the second line from the last in the bibliographic part of the entry. If a classification number is not given, locate your source through the Monthly Catalog.

Census of Agriculture (compiled every 5 years) 
Fenwick Documents  C 3.31/12: (1982, 1987, 1992)
Fenwick Documents CD-ROM  C3.277:CD 92-AG  (1992)

Economic Census (compiled every 5 years) 
Fenwick Documents C 3.291:FC 92-N-1  (1992, 1997)
Fenwick Documents CD-ROM  C 3.277:CD-EC  (1987, 1992, 1997)

Census of Governments (compiled every 5 years) 
Fenwick Documents C 3.145/4:  (1982, 1987, 1992, 1997)

U.S. Census of Population and Housing (compiled every 10 years) 
Fenwick Documents  DVD    C 3.275:R 24/DVD  (2000)
Fenwick Documents CD-ROM  C3.282:   (1990)
Fenwick Documents C 3.223/22:  (1980, 1990)
Fenwick Documents C 3.223/23:  (1990 data compiled by State)
Fenwick Documents microfilm cabinet  (1790 – 1970)   

Census volumes contain tables with detailed primary statistical data on population, housing, business, industry, agriculture, and transportation.  Read the preliminary explanatory matter to locate the table for your area of interest. 

CensusCD 1980 (by Geolytics, Inc)
Fenwick Documents CD-ROM HA 214 .C45
This one CD provides the U.S. 1980 Census data (STF1 and STF3) down to the block group level.  Users can create customized maps with a chosen census demographic variable. 

CensusCD 1990+Maps (by Geolytics, Inc)
Fenwick Documents CD-ROM HA 201.C462
This one CD provides the complete U.S. 1990 Census (STF3 A, B, C, & D) down to the block group level.  Users can create customized maps with a chosen demographic variable.

County & City Data Book.  Washington: GPO.
Fenwick Reference  - At Ref Desk HA202 .A36 (2000)
Fenwick Documents (non-circulating) C 3.134/2: C 83/2/  (1956, 1962, 1967, 1972, 1977, 1983, 1988, 1994)
Fenwick Documents - CD-ROM C 3.134/2:C 83/2/  (1988)
Fenwick Documents - CD-ROM C 3.134/6:   (1994, 1996, 1998)
Online from the Census Bureau (2000) 
A wide range of statistical information for geographic areas organized by subject.

State and Metropolitan Area Data Book.
Fenwick Reference - At Ref Desk HA202 .S84 (1997 – 1998)
Fenwick Reference HA202 .S84  (1991)
Johnson Center Reference HA202 .S84
Available via GPO Access (1997 – 1998) 
Similar to County & City Data Book, but with a different geographic emphasis.

Statistical Abstract of the United States. Washington: GPO.
Fenwick Reference - At Ref Desk HA202 .S8   (2001)
Fenwick Documents (non-circulating) C 3.134:   (1906, 1915, 1922, 1924-25, 1928-37, 1939-41, 1943-59, 1961-86, 1988-2000)
Fenwick Documents - CD-ROM C 3.134/7:  (1993 – 2000)
Johnson Center Reference  HA202 .S8
Online from the Census Bureau (1995 – current) 
A subject index leads to table (not page) numbers for tables providing current and historical statistics on a wide variety of topics from governmental and private sources. More information may be obtained by consulting the source cited at the end of each table.

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Prepared by Mary Johnson
12 July 2002