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Evaluating Resources: The CRAAP Test

Student Evaluating Sources 3:57

In everyday searching, you already evaluate sources based on their relevance to your information needs. Evaluating sources thoroughly also builds a solid research foundation. The CRAAP test offers criteria that can be used to evaluate any source.

Currency

  • Is the information timely for the topic?
  • If it is a website, how recently has it been updated?
  • Is it a timeless/seminal work (something that is used or cited by many experts in the field)?

Relevance

  • Does the information relate to your topic or answer your question?
  • Who is the intended audience?
  • Is the information at an appropriate level (i.e., not too elementary or advanced)?

Authority

  • Who are the author(s), publisher, source, and/or sponsor(s)?
  • What are the author’s credentials (education, other publications, years of experience)?
  • Does the author have firsthand experience?

Accuracy

  • Is the information supported by evidence?
  • Can you verify the information?
  • Are there spelling, grammar, or other errors?

Point of View / Purpose

  • Is the argument grounded in facts or opinions?
  • Is the creator/author trying to sell you something or are there advertisements?
  • Does it have a strong bias?

Remember: these questions are just a guide to your research. Sometimes a source is still appropriate to your research, even if it does not meet the standards of the CRAAP test. Research sources depend on context, and you are the final judge!